The activity that helps an organization determine the raw input, equipment, and human resources needed to produce an output is "work-flow analysis".
What does it involves?
Workflow analysis involves examining the steps involved in a process to identify the resources needed at each step. By analyzing the workflow, an organization can identify the raw inputs, equipment, and human resources needed to produce the desired output.
This information can then be used to optimize the process, reduce waste, and improve efficiency.
Process integration analysis and system redesign are also important activities in process improvement, but they focus more on identifying ways to improve the overall process and integrate different parts of the organization.
TQM (Total Quality Management) is a management approach that involves continuous improvement in all aspects of an organization's operations, including process improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement.
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if the demand for a product increases proportionately faster than the increase in consumers' incomes, then the income elasticity of demand for the product is
The product's income elasticity of demand is greater than zero. Their income elasticity of demand will undoubtedly be positive, and the product will be categorized as a normal good.
What is elasticity of income?The ratio of the percentage change in the consumer's demand for quantity to the percentage change in income is commonly referred to as income elasticity of demand. The goods can be categorized as normal goods if it is greater than zero or positive. And if it is less than zero or negative, the item is considered to be of lower quality. As a result, the question makes it abundantly clear that a product's demand rises faster than consumer income.
As a result, their income elasticity of demand will undoubtedly be positive, and the product will be categorized as a normal good. The response is higher than zero.
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choose the answer. a corporation issued 1000 shares of $100 preferred stock for $90. what was the amount of the discount?
A corporation does not provide bond certificates to its owners, but the rest of the following are accurate.
What does "corporation" refer to in a business context?A corporation is a business entity whose shareholders elect a single board of directors to run its affairs. Operations and financial stability of the business are at the control of the corporation, not the shareholders.
What separates corporations from companies?
A firm is a person or group of persons who participate in profitable commercial business activity. Having no official recognition, regulations, or authorizations, the word "company" is a vernacular term. Despite the fact that not every business is a corporation, most are.
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the shrieves corporation has $20,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. it is choosing among at
The after-tax rates of return for the three securities are:
AT&T bonds: 5.25%State of Florida muni bonds: 6%AT&T preferred stock: 3.74%To calculate the after-tax rate of return for each security, we need to take into account the tax implications of each investment.
AT&T bonds:The before-tax rate of return on AT&T bonds is 8.75%. Since interest income is taxable, we need to calculate the after-tax rate of return by multiplying the before-tax return by (1 - corporate tax rate):
After-tax return = 8.75% x (1 - 0.4) = 5.25%
Therefore, the after-tax rate of return on AT&T bonds is 5.25%.
State of Florida muni bonds:The before-tax rate of return on the state of Florida muni bonds is 6%, but they are not taxable. Therefore, the after-tax rate of return is simply the before-tax return:
After-tax return = 6%
Therefore, the after-tax rate of return on state of Florida muni bonds is 6%.
AT&T preferred stock:The dividend yield on AT&T's preferred stock is 7.25%. Since dividends are taxed at a lower rate than interest income, we need to calculate the after-tax rate of return by multiplying the before-tax return by (1 - corporate tax rate) and then adjusting for the tax-exempt portion of the dividends:
After-tax return = 7.25% x (1 - 0.4) x (1 - 0.7) + 7.25% x 0.7 = 3.74%
Therefore, the after-tax rate of return on AT&T preferred stock is 3.74%.
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Complete Question -
The Shrieves Corporation has $20,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. It is choosing among AT&T bonds, which yield 8.75%, state of Florida muni bonds, which yield 6% (but are not taxable), and AT&T preferred stock, with a dividend yield of 7.25%. Shrieves's corporate tax rate is 40%, and 70% of the dividends received are tax exempt. Find the after-tax rates of return on all three securities. Round your answers to two decimal places.
the ability to assess past events and to predict future activities are components of which qualitative characteristic of useful information?
Relative information is the ability to assess past events and to predict future activities are components of useful information.
Information that is relevant to financial decision-making is information that is helpful. For accounting data to be useful, it must possess the following characteristics: Value as a corroborating factor - provides information about prior events
Value in prediction - Provides information about possible future occurrences.
In order to analyse previous events, predict future events, or take action to prepare for potential future events, accounting data is crucial. For instance, creditors may take the company's performance during a strong quarter into account when determining whether to continue or increase the amount of credit available to a company.
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the level of management that devotes the greatest amount of time to planning is
Option C. The level of management that devotes the greatest amount of time to planning is Executives.
Executives are responsible for setting the overall direction and strategy of the organization, and they devote a significant amount of time to planning and decision-making. They are also responsible for making major decisions that affect the organization's long-term goals, and they need to consider a wide range of factors when developing strategic plans, such as market conditions, competition, and industry trends. While supervisors and middle managers may also be involved in planning, their focus is usually on operational or tactical plans, which are more short-term and specific in nature. Distributors, on the other hand, are not typically involved in the planning process at all.
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The level of management that devotes the greatest amount of time to planning is
A) Supervisors
B) Middle Managers
C) Executives
D) Distributers
the economy of northwestern europe is highly developed and______
Industrialized. The economy of Northwestern Europe is highly developed and Industrialized by a high standard of living, advanced technological infrastructure, well-established social welfare systems, and a highly skilled workforce.
It is also known for its high levels of economic and political stability, advanced education systems, and innovative industries.
The countries that make up Northwestern Europe, such as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom, are among the wealthiest in the world, with high levels of productivity and strong international trade relationships. These countries also place a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability and have implemented policies and practices to reduce their carbon footprint and promote renewable energy.
Overall, the economy of Northwestern Europe is highly advanced and continues to be a global leader in many industries and areas of innovation.
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) muffy's muffins had net income of $2360. the firm retains 65 percent of net income. during the year, the company sold $325 in common stock. what was the cash flow to shareholders?
During the year, the company's cash flow to shareholders will be $501.
Net income = $2,360
The earnings retained by the firm = 65% of net income
= 65% × $2,360 = $1,534
Dividends being paid = net income - retained earrings
= $2,360 - $1,534 = $826
Company sold common stock = $325
Net new equity = $325
Thus,
Cash flow to shareholders = Dividends being paid - New equity (net)
=$826 - $325
= $501
In order to pay taxes, buy inventory, pay employees, and cover operating expenses and daily operations, it is essential. An increase in a company's liquid assets is indicated by positive cash flow. Low profit margins, issues with billing and payment collection, and excessive investments in capacity or inventory can all lead to cash flow problems.
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janelle recently received a promotion at her job, increasing her income from $940 per week to $1,060 per week. as a result, she decides to purchase 9% more sushi per week. computed using the midpoint method, the income elasticity of janelle's demand for sushi is: group of answer choices 0.75. 1.33. 0.90. 1.00.
Computed using the midpoint method, the income elasticity of Janelle's demand for sushi is: ((Xnew-Xold)/(Xaverage) (1060-940)/(1060+940/2) = .12 -> 9%/12% = 0.75). The correct option is a.
What is income elasticity?The income elasticity of demand is the responsivenesses of the quantity demanded for a good to a change in consumer income. It is measured as the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in income.
If a 10% increase in Mr. Ruskin Smith's income causes him to buy 20% more bacon, Smith's income elasticity of demand for bacon is 20%/10% = 2.
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is a measurement of standard of living that includes education and
clean running water.
A. Financial wealth
B. Access to necessities
C. Income
D. Material wealth
Suppose the economy is producing 180 tons of wheat and 200 trucks. Does this imply the economy is operating efficiently, the economy is not producing as much as it could, the demand for trucks is low, or that economic growth would help the economy move to its production possibilities frontier?
The economy is not producing as much as it could. This is because the production possibilities frontier (PPF) is a graph that shows the various combinations of goods and services that can be produced with the given resources and technology.
If the economy is producing 180 tons of wheat and 200 trucks, it implies that it is operating inside the PPF. This means that the economy is not using all of its resources efficiently and could produce more goods and services if it were to utilize its resources fully. Economic growth could help the economy move to its production possibilities frontier, as it would provide more resources and technology, allowing for increased production.
However, it is important to note that the demand for trucks does not necessarily have an impact on the economy's efficiency, as the PPF shows the maximum amount of goods and services that can be produced, not the amount that is demanded.
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Match the following terms to the appropriate definition.[1] When a consumer strives for greatest satisfaction or value from the bundle purchased using the least amount of budgeted money.[2] A process that firms use to determine the most output given price levels that will yield the most return after production costs and the total cost outlay are taken into account.[3] The additional benefit gained from the consumption of the next unit for the individual.[4] The additional expense of producing the next unit for the firm.
The following definitions are accounting terms for a system of control and registration of expenses and income and other economic operations that are carried out in a business, company or entity.
The proper definition for each term are as follows:
1.Cost-benefit analysis - A process that firms use to determine the most output given price levels that will yield the most return after production costs and the total cost outlay are taken into account.
2. Utility maximization - When a consumer strives for greatest satisfaction or value from the bundle purchased using the least amount of budgeted money.
3. Marginal benefit - The additional benefit gained from the consumption of the next unit for the individual.
4. Marginal cost - The additional expense of producing the next unit for the firm.
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the high temperature (in degrees fahrenheit) for each of the past 5 days was 81, 82, 83, 84, and 85, respectively. if someone is using the naive method of forecasting, what will he predict today s high temperature to be?
86 degrees Fahrenheit, the high temperature (in degrees fahrenheit) for each of the past 5 days.
To learn more, use our Fahrenheit to Celsius converter. The conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius is [°F] = ([°C]-32) 59. [°F] = (86-32) 59 = 30 is the final formula for converting 86 degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. While being widely used in the US, the Fahrenheit scale has a fascinating history and a variety of adoption scenarios around the world. The distance between the boiling (212°) and freezing points of water is 1180 degrees on the Fahrenheit temperature scale. The Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius is credited with creating the first centigrade scale, which consists of 100 degrees, in 1742. Celsius calculated boiling at 0°.
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The graph below shows how the price of video games varies with the demand quantity.
Suppose that consumers' incomes increased, such that more video games were demanded at each price level. This means that video games are a(n) _____ good.
inferior
normal
So, if consumer earnings rise and demand for additional video games rises, this proves that video games are a "Normal good." Inferior commodities are items or products whose demand falls as consumer income rises. When consumer earnings fall, demand for them rises.
What happens when consumer income rises?When real consumer income rises, customers will purchase a higher quantity of regular economic items. In consumer choice theory, the income effect and substitution effect are related economic concepts. A typical good is a product that people will purchase more of when their income increases. In other words, rising consumer earnings will boost demand for everyday items. On a graph, it will cause the entire curve to move to the right. Income and demand are closely associated in the case of ordinary products, which means that an increase in income causes demand to grow and a drop in income leads demand to fall.
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other things being equal, a smaller quantity of u.s. funds would be demanded by foreign governments and corporations if their domestic interest rates were high relative to u.s. rates. a. true b. false
Other things being equal, a smaller quantity of U.S. funds would be demanded by foreign governments and corporations if their domestic interest rates were high relative to U.S. rates. This is a false statement.
Foreign governments – what are they?Foreign government refers to any government or governmental entity, institution, or instrumentality, including government-owned enterprises, that is not the United States Government or the State, Territorial, Tribal, or Jurisdictional Governments of the United States.
What sort of people work for foreign governments?A foreign government official is defined as an officer, office holder, or employee who works for a local, national, company that is partially owned or controlled by a government, or for a public international organization like the UN or the World Bank, whether they are full-time or part-time, no matter what rank they hold.
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question mode multiple choice question which statement is true of incentives? multiple choice question. many employees receive incentives in the form of weekly salary. they are directly linked to the expenditures incurred to set up a subunit, such as a global product division. they refer to the devices used to reward appropriate employee behavior. they are not tied to the performance metrics used for output controls.
The correct option is D. Incentive plans never fail to satisfy employee expectations for pay gains.
An incentive program is a proper scheme used to sell or inspire precise actions or behavior by a specific organization of people throughout a described time frame. Incentive programs are especially utilized in enterprise management to motivate employees and in income to draw and keep clients.
In most instances, incentive websites grant rewards for finishing necessities. This generally calls for viewing classified ads, signing up for a website, entering a PIN code (via a cellular tool), buying trial merchandise or full merchandise, or finishing surveys. This in turn rewards the specified user in cash, factors, test, or its equal. Alternately, a suggestion might also entail referring website traffic by inviting them to a goal site beneath a referral link (precise to each consumer). Referrers in flip are either paid for all and sundry they invited or as a percentage of ensuing revenue.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following is true of incentive plans?
(a) Incentive payouts are fixed costs largely unrelated to output.
(b) Incentive compensation is unrelated to operating performance.
(c) Incentive plans never fail to satisfy employee expectations for pay gains.
(d) Incentive payouts are a means to reward or attract top performers when salary budgets are low.
Suppose initially that the United States is consuming 18 boots and 2 shirts and Canada is consuming 4 boots and 12 shirts, as indicated in the figure. ​ Then, suppose the United States and Canada specialize by each only producing the good for which they have a comparative advantage and then trade. In​ particular, suppose the United States trades Canada half of its production for half of what Canada produces.
The United States will have ___ additional​ shirt(s) after the trade ​(enter a numeric response using an​ integer) and __ additional​ boot(s). At the same​ time, Canada will be able to consume ___ additional​ shirt(s) as a result of the trade and ___ additional​ boot(s.
The US will consume 12 shirts with trade. (4+8=12 and 12-2=10) The US will have 10 additional shirts. The US will consume 18 boots with trade. 18-18=0 0 additional boots.
What is trade?Trade is a term used to describe economic activities. Trade is the term used to describe the purchasing and selling of goods and services. Trade can take many various forms, including both domestic and international trade.
According to the trade-off between how much consumption it was in the upcoming period is the in light of the fact that an enlargement in utilisation later on households should save, accordingly giving assets to undertaking. A US will consume 12 shirts.
As a result, the significance of the trade are the aforementioned.
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the leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on washington in may 1894 to demand economic relief was question 11 options: george pullman. richard olney. jacob coxey. eugene v. debs.
The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on. Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was: a. George Pullman.
How did the Pullman strike turn out?Debs believed that organizing a nationwide strike would be the only way to push the Pullman Company into arbitration because the government was acting in the General Managers' Association's favor. However, his efforts were unsuccessful. Midway through July, the boycott ended, and the ARU was defeated.
The Pullman Company won the strike after a federal judge issued an injunction against the Union boycott. When President Cleveland sent federal troops to Chicago to protect strikebreakers operating trains, he effectively put an end to the strikers' actions.
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employers must know and act in accordance with the legal rights of their employees or risk costly
Employers must be aware of their employees' legal rights and follow them or risk expensive legal disputes. All facets of human life are impacted by law.
What names are given to employees?
Some companies want to use a different term than "workers" to describe their employees. They call them "team members," "associates," or other friendlier and more original terms. An employee is a person who receives compensation for working for another person or company. To be considered an employee, a person simply needs to be paid by their company; they are not required to put in full-time hours (the person or business that pays them).
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why would smucker prefer to issue more than $1 billion in bonds over 18 months rather than issuing common or preferred stock.
It is possible that Smucker may prefer to issue more than $1 billion in bonds over 18 months rather than issuing common or preferred stock because it would allow the company to raise capital at a lower cost of capital while maintaining control and providing more predictability in its financial planning.
There are several reasons why a company like Smucker might prefer to issue bonds over common or preferred stock:
Tax benefits: Interest payments on bonds are tax-deductible, which can result in significant savings for a company. In contrast, dividends paid on common and preferred stock are not tax-deductible.Lower cost of capital: Bonds generally have a lower cost of capital than equity. This is because bond investors are typically less interested in a company's long-term growth potential and more focused on the security of their investment. This allows companies to raise capital at a lower cost than if they were issuing equity.Maintaining control: Issuing bonds does not dilute the ownership interest of existing shareholders, unlike issuing common or preferred stock. This means that the company can raise capital without giving up any control or ownership of the business.Predictability: Bonds generally have a fixed interest rate and a fixed maturity date, which can provide more predictability for a company's financial planning. In contrast, dividends on common and preferred stock can be more variable, making it harder to forecast future cash flows.Market conditions: Depending on market conditions, it may be easier or more cost-effective for a company to issue bonds rather than equity. For example, if interest rates are low, bond issuances may be more attractive to investors than stock issuances.Given these factors, it is possible that Smucker may prefer to issue more than $1 billion in bonds over 18 months rather than issuing common or preferred stock because it would allow the company to raise capital at a lower cost of capital while maintaining control and providing more predictability in its financial planning. Additionally, if interest rates are low, issuing bonds may be a more attractive option for investors, which could help Smucker raise the capital it needs to finance its growth plans.
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true or false: when calculating the monthly payment for a car loan, the value of p includes the down payment
False, when calculating the monthly payment for a car loan, the value of p does not include the down payment.
Down payment( also called a deposit in British English), is an original over- frontal partial payment for the purchase of precious particulars services similar as a auto or a house. It's generally paid in cash or fellow at the time of finishing the sale. A loan of some kind is also needed to finance the remainder of the payment.
The main purposes of a down payment is to insure that the lending institution has enough capital to produce plutocrat for a loan in fractional reserve banking systems and to recover some of the balance due on the loan in the event that the borrower defaults.
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What is the outcome of enforcing contracts and property rights in a market​ system?
In one equilibrium, property rights are upheld and market activity is unrestricted. The other lacks the enforcement of property rights, which discourages commerce.
Equilibrium and an example are what?
The Latin word libra, which means weight or balance, is where the word equilibrium first appeared. Examples of equilibrium include an open book that is at rest. an automobile moving steadily. a chemical reaction where the rates of reaction both forward and backward are equal. Chemical equilibrium is the condition in which the amount of reactants or products has not changed significantly throughout a reversible chemical reaction. When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products begin to interact with the original reactants right away.
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you want to buy a new sports car from muscle motors for $80,000. the contract is in the form of a 72-month annuity due at an apr of 7.35 percent. what will your monthly payment be?
As per the details given in the question, The Monthly Payment (PMT) will be $1,414.76.
To calculate the monthly payment (PMT) for a 72-month annuity due, we can use the following formula:
Payment = A / (((1 + r/n)^n) * ((1 + r/n) - 1))
where:
A = the amount of the loan or the present value of the annuity
r = the annual interest rate as a decimal
n = the number of compounding periods per year
In this case, A = $80,000, r = 0.0735 (since APR is the annual percentage rate), and n = 12 (since we are making monthly payments).
Plugging in these values, we get:
Payment = 80,000 / (((1 + 0.0735/12)^12) * ((1 + 0.0735/12) - 1))
Payment = $1,414.76
Therefore, your monthly payment will be $1,414.76. Note that since this is an annuity due, the first payment will be due immediately upon signing the contract.
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a paragraph that appears at the bottom of a news release that summarizes information about the organization sending the release is termed
A paragraph that appears at the bottom of a news release that summarizes information about the organization sending the release is termed a boilerplate.
In economics, a boilerplate refers to a standardized language or text that is commonly used in legal or contractual agreements, financial reports, or other similar documents. Boilerplate provisions are typically used to ensure consistency, clarity, and reliability of information across different contexts or entities. Some examples of boilerplate clauses in economics include force majeure clauses, indemnity clauses, confidentiality provisions, and representations and warranties.
Boilerplate language can help reduce transaction costs, improve contract enforceability, and provide a common framework for negotiations and disputes. However, boilerplate clauses can also pose risks of ambiguity, complexity, and inconsistency, especially when they are not tailored to the specific circumstances or risks of a particular transaction or agreement. Therefore, careful drafting and customization of boilerplate provisions are important for achieving effective economic outcomes and minimizing legal risks.
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the law of supply asserts that the lower the price of a good, the more producers are willing to supply it. select one: true false
The law of supply states that higher prices result in higher supplies while lower prices result in reduced supplies.
What does supply-side law mean?
The law of supply states that when a good or service's price increases, its suppliers make more of it available to the market. Current suppliers may increase production of more expensive products to increase profits, and new suppliers may also enter the market.
The law of supply can be quickly resolved by...
The law of supply states that higher prices lead to increased supplies and lower prices lead to lower supplies.
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how many steps are involved in the managerial task of planning?multiple choice question.sixthreefivefourten
Six steps are involved in the managerial task of planning.
Hence, option (a) six, is the correct option
The managerial task of planning typically involves six steps:
Establishing objectives and goals, specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals that the organization wants to achieve. Identifying resources needed to achieve those goalsDeveloping strategies and plans to allocate resources and achieve goals After setting objectives, managers must develop strategies to achieve those objectives. These strategies outline the courses of action that the organization will take to achieve its goals.Implementing plans and strategies through projects and programsMonitoring and evaluating progress toward goalsMaking adjustments and revisions to plans and strategies as needed managers need to monitor progress towards the objectives and adjust their plans as necessary. This involves regularly measuring performance, identifying any issues or challenges, and making changes to the plans to ensure that the objectives are achieved.For more such questions on planning.
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The missing option are:
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 8
in which market would a producer buy the equipment and technology needed to manufacture bicycles?
Market resources would a producer buy the equipment and technology needed to manufacture bicycles.
What other names are given to the market system?
A market economy, usually referred to as a free market or free enterprise economy, is a system in which supply and demand governs economic decisions, including those pertaining to things like the prices of goods and services.
What is management of market resources?
The term "marketing resource management" (MRM) refers to a method of marketing administration that concentrates on the full pool of resources available to the marketing team, including personnel and financial resources. Management of production procedures, external vendors, and even digital asset management are all included.
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during the year, vest co. incurred the following costs: testing in search for process alternatives $280,000 routine design of tools, jigs, molds, and dies 250,000 modification of the formulation of a process 410,000 research and development services performed by acme corp. for vest 325,000 in vest's income statement, research and development expense should be
Design of new technology-related tools, jigs, moulds, and dies—$250,000—Yes — ASC 730 specifies that development costs are those expended to convert research findings into plans or designs. $250,000
R&D includes changes to processes that are made to make them better. Modification of the formulation of a process - 320,000 - Yes
$320,000
200,000 - No Troubleshooting in relation to problems during commercial production
Research and development are not involved in troubleshooting that takes place during typical, commercial production to fix an already-existing, common issue.
0
adaptation of an existing capability to meet the needs of a specific customer as part of ongoing commercial activity
220,000- No- It does not include research and development when current capabilities are modified as part of ongoing commercial activities.
0
$570,000 was spent on research and development overall.
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Antitrust laws have been implemented by governments to promote _____.A. price fixingB. competitionC. monopoliesD. bid rigging
Antitrust laws have been implemented by governments to promote competition.
Antitrust laws are put in place by governments to promote competition in the marketplace. These laws are designed to prevent monopolies and encourage fair competition among businesses. The purpose of these laws is to protect consumers by ensuring that there is a fair and level playing field in the marketplace. By promoting competition, businesses are forced to offer better products and services at competitive prices. This benefits consumers by giving them more choices and access to better quality products. Antitrust laws also help to prevent illegal practices such as price-fixing, bid-rigging, and other forms of collusion that can harm consumers and limit competition.
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setting contingency plans in an organization is considered very important today mainly because conditions change rapidly in today's economic and competitive environments
An organisation can recover from an unforeseen occurrence with the use of a contingency plan. Learn the seven steps to constructing one while reducing distractions.
Which kind of organisation do you mean?
A group of people who cooperate, such as in a union, corporation, charity, or neighbourhood association, constitutes an organisation. The word "organisation" can apply to a person, a group, a company, or the process of creating something.
A system of how actions take place within an organisation to accomplish its objectives is known as an organisation type. The company's policies and each employee's unique duties and obligations are included in these activities.
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sales for year 2 were $800,000. accounts receivable was $100,000 at the end of year 1 and $150,000 at the end of year 2. the accounts receivable turnover for year 2 (rounded to one decimal) was:
Sales for year 2 were $800,000. accounts receivable was $100,000 at the end of year 1 and $150,000 at the end of year 2. The accounts receivable turnover for year 2 was 6.4 times.
As,
Sales of year 2=$800,000
Accounts receivable = $100,000 + $150,000 = $2,50,000
So, $800,000 / (($2,50,000) / 2) = 6.4 times
Sales are activities related to the sale or quantity of goods sold during a certain period of time. A seller or supplier of goods or services engaged in a sale in response to acquisition, appropriation, requisition, or direct interaction with the buyer at the point of sale. There is a transfer of title to the item and a settlement of a price, where an agreement on a price takes place the transfer of ownership of the item.
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