Tiny openings in leaves called stomata. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere when stomata open to allow gases to pass over the leaf surface.
What are stomata and their functions?Stomata are epithelial cellular structures in tree leaves and needles that support plant growth and exchange carbon dioxide and water with the environment.
How do stomata open and close?It is surrounded by two guard cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata. Stomata are open during the day for gas exchange and release of water vapor during transpiration. Stomata open and close due to changes in the turgor pressure of guard cells.
Why do plants need stomata?This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same stomata to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Stomata are very small, microscopic, and important for photosynthesis.
To learn more about stomata visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29366215
#SPJ4
What property of cell membranes is affected by this change?
When changing from state 1 to state 2, the fluidity of the cell membrane increases. As the temperature increases, the membrane becomes more unstable and very fluid. Lowering the temperature slows down the membrane fluidity.
What are factors that affect the physical properties of cell membranes?Key factors that affect cell membrane fluidity: Body temperature, cholesterol, types of phospholipid fatty acids that make up cell membranes. These factors alter the spacing and interactions between phospholipids and cell membrane fluidity. Membrane permeability is affected by temperature, the types of solutes present, and the degree of cell hydration.
What are the properties of cell membranes?(1) The cell membrane is a thin envelope that forms a closed boundary. (2) Cell membranes are composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. (3) Cell membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer. (4) Cell membranes are linked together by non-covalent bonds. (5) Membranes are fluid-like structures.
To learn more about cell membranes visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13524386
#SPJ4
Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A waxing gibbous happens as the moon travels from the position 3 to position 4. Therefore, the correct option is C.
What is a waxing gibbous moon?A waxing gibbous moon is a phase of the moon that occurs between a first quarter moon and a full moon. During this phase, the illuminated portion of the moon appears to be more than half but not fully illuminated, as seen from the perspective of an observer on Earth.
The term “waxing” means that the illuminated portion of the moon is increasing in size, while “gibbous” means that the moon appears to be more than half but less than fully illuminated.
This phase of the moon is visible in the sky during the afternoon and evening, rising in the east in the mid-afternoon and setting in the west in the early morning. Therefore, the correct option is C.
Learn more about waxing gibbous, here:
https://brainly.com/question/2285324
#SPJ9
The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A. New moon
B. Full moon
C. Waxing gibbous
D. Half moon
which lab procedure is the best to use to determine whether a newly discovered single-celled organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
O whether he nucleus is true nucleus or not true nucleus
O it has a nucleus
O it has a plasma membrane
O it has cytosol
It has a plasma membrane this lab procedure is the best to use to determine whether a newly discovered single-celled organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Plasma is a pale yellow liquid that develops when the blood is separated from the remainder of it. Salts, enzymes, and water are transported by plasma. Plasma's basic task is to carrier proteins, hormones, and nutrients to the body's many organs. Moreover, plasma is where cells dump their waste.
Eukaryotic cells contain internal cellular bodies, while prokaryotic cells have not. Both bacteria and archaea are two types of prokaryotes. Protists, fungi, plants, and animals constitute eukaryotic (everything except prokaryotes).
Plasma membranes are present in every eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are those that have the cytoskeleton, organelles surrounded by cytoplasm, and nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope. Eukaryotic cells include human cells.
Learn more about the Plasma Membrane here: https://brainly.com/question/19360972
#SPJ4
bacterial growth curves typically exhibit four distinct growth phases. what are the four growth phases and explain (one sentence for each phase) how well the bacteria grow in each phase.
Bacterial growth curves typically exhibit four distinct growth phases, four growth phases are lag phase, log phase, stationary phase and death phase.
The bacterial growth progresses in four phases namely – lag phase, log phase, stationary phase and death phase . The initial phase is the lag phase where bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing. The exponential or log phase is a time of exponential growth. In the stationary phase, growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells.
The lag phase is generally thought to be a period during which the cells adjust to a new environment before the onset of exponential growth. Characterizing the lag phase in microbial growth curves has importance in food sciences, environmental sciences, bioremediation and in understanding basic cellular processes.
The stationary phase is a porous solid (e.g., glass, silica, or alumina) that is packed into a glass or metal tube or that constitutes the walls of an open-tube capillary. The mobile phase flows through the packed bed or column.
Learn more about phase here:-
brainly.com/question/30307923
#SPJ4
the chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as
The chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as hormones.
Hormones are majorly responsible for stimulating the blood cells that carry the stimulus further to the intended organs.The blood cells promptly respond to the secreted hormones as they have receptors that are designed to receive the message (or the stimulant) from them.There are three major types of the functioning of hormones known as endocrine action, paracrine action, and autocrine action.The endocrine action is responsible for the distribution of hormones to distant cells.Paracrine action refers to the distribution of hormones to the cells in the neighborhood of the gland.Autocrine action is responsible for distribution of hormones among the cells within the gland.Learn more about Hormones
https://brainly.com/question/30587686
#SPJ4
The chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as
A) hormones.
B) organelles.
C) enzymes.
a natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of a
A natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of a bottleneck effect.
A natural disaster is when a natural hazard actually occurs and causes considerable harm to a community. Economic repercussions are frequently left behind by a natural disaster in addition to human casualties or physical harm. The amount of damage depends on the infrastructure's accessibility and the population's adaptability. Avalanches, coastal flooding, cold waves, droughts, earthquakes, hail, heat waves, hurricanes (tropical cyclones), ice storms, landslides, lightning, riverine flooding, strong winds, tornadoes, typhoons, tsunamis, volcanic activity, wildfires, and winter weather are just a few of the numerous types of natural disasters that can happen.
The complete question is:
A natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of a
a) genetic drift
b) founder effect
c) bottleneck effect
d) natural selection
To learn more about natural disaster click on the given link: brainly.com/question/29905645
#SPJ4
explain your results (where did you start removing transient bacteria? resident bacteria? what was most effective?
Transient bacteria removed by proper hand washing, the resident bacteria live deeper in the stratum corneum and are more difficult to remove.
The transient bacteria live primarily on the surface of the stratum corneum and are easily removed by proper hand washing. The resident bacteria live deeper in the stratum corneum and are more difficult to remove.
Most transient bacteria present on the hands are removed during the mechanical action of washing, rinsing and drying hands. Hand washing with soap and running water must be performed when hands are visibly soiled.
Plain or normal soap are used to remove transient microorganisms.
The stomach produces acid which destroys many of the microbes that enter the body in food and drink. Urine as it flows through the urinary system flushes microbes out of the bladder and urethra.
Many bacteria treatment systems involve the addition of a chemical to kill or inactivate, but bacteria can be removed physically by filtration or through the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Learn more about bacteria here:-
brainly.com/question/8008968
#SPJ4
water and minerals are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant through the phloem. true/false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Water and minerals are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant through the xylem.
Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species? 1. allopatric speciation 2. sympatric speciation 3. sexual selection 4. polyploidy 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4 1 and 3
Allopatric speciation and polyploidy are the two most often occurring mechanisms that have resulted in the emergence of new plant species.
What is polyploidy?An organism is said to be polyploid if it contains more than two complete sets of chromosomes in each of its cells. It can be caused either naturally or intentionally using methods like colchicine therapy. In plants, polyploidy is frequent, and many significant agricultural species, including wheat, cotton, and bananas, are polyploid. Although less frequently, it can also happen to animals. By prohibiting interbreeding between polyploid and diploid organisms, polyploidy can result in the emergence of new species. A greater genetic diversity, larger cells, and a stronger tolerance to external challenges are just a few examples of the evolutionary benefits it can offer. Additionally, polyploidy has a big impact on agriculture and plant breeding.
To learn more about chromosomes visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1596925
#SPJ4
Which underwater ecosystem is made of calcium carbonate structures?
The corals that are principally responsible for establishing the foundations of reef structures and building them up. These reef formation secretes a calcium carbonate structures.
Coral is a member of the Anthozoa class of the Cnidaria animal kingdom, which also contains sea anemones and jellyfish. Corals, unlike sea anemones, develop strong carbonate exoskeletons that support and protect them.
Most reefs thrive in water that is warm, shallow, transparent, bright, and agitated. Coral reefs initially developed 485 million years ago, at the beginning of the Early Ordovician, replacing the Cambrian microbial and sponge reefs.
Shallow coral reefs, often known as sea rainforests are home to some of the most varied ecosystems on the planet. They cover less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, or around half the size of France, yet they support at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crabs, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates, and other cnidarians.
Coral reefs thrive in nutrient-depleted ocean conditions. They are most typically found at shallow depths in tropical oceans, however deep water and cold water coral reefs can be found on lesser sizes elsewhere.
Coral reefs have declined by 50% since 1950, partly because they are sensitive to water conditions. They are under threat from excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), rising ocean heat content and acidification, overfishing (e.g., from blast fishing, cyanide fishing, spearfishing on scuba), sunscreen use, and harmful land-use practices, including runoff and seeps (e.g., from injection wells and cesspools).
Learn more about coral reefs at https://brainly.com/question/10970167
#SPJ4
Answer:
Coral Reefs
Explanation:
Correct one edge 2023
What is the ureters function in osmoregulation aswell when there’s too little water and too much water
Answer:
Osmoregulation is the control of water levels and mineral ions (salt) in the blood. Water levels and mineral ions in the blood are controlled to keep the concentrations the same inside the cells as around them. This protects cells by stopping too much water from entering or leaving them by osmosis.
Answer:
The ureters play a role in osmoregulation by transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In situations where there is too little water, the kidneys conserve water by producing a concentrated urine, which is then transported to the bladder by the ureters. On the other hand, in situations where there is too much water, the kidneys produce a dilute urine, which is also transported to the bladder by the ureters. By regulating the volume and concentration of urine, the ureters help the body maintain a proper balance of water and electrolytes.
Explanation:
Tell me if you still confus:)
ALLEN
costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae.
Costal facets are found on the thoracic vertebrae.
What is Costal facets?Costal facets are small, synovial articulations found between the anterior and posterior tubercles of the ribs. They are formed by the junction of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra. These facets act as gliding joints, which allow the rib to move during respiration. They also provide stability to the thoracic spine, allowing it to support the weight of the thorax and its organs. In addition, costal facets provide a way for muscles to attach to the ribs. This allows for the rib cage to expand and contract during breathing. The costal facets also play a role in providing cushioning between the rib and vertebral joint, helping to increase comfort and reduce the risk of injury.
To learn more about Costal facets
https://brainly.com/question/15096836
#SPJ1
------ are the sites of aerobic respiration in the cell
Answer:
Mitocondria
Explanation:
The medial lemniscus pathway gets its name from the location of the axons of a. third order neurons ascending through the thalamus b. second order neurons ascending through the midbrain c. first order neurons ascending through the cord d. upper motor neurons descending through the internal capsule e. lower motor neurons descending through the cord
The medial lemniscus pathway gets its name from the location of the axons of second order neurons ascending through the midbrain.
Medial lemniscus pathway In the dorsal column-medial lemniscus route (DCML), the medial lemniscus is a second-order neuron that transmits sensory spinothalamic information related to conscious proprioception, vibration, delicate touch, and 2-point discrimination of skin and joints of the body.Head fibers are medial, while leg fibers are lateral. The midbrain's orientation is comparable to the pons'.The lateral lemniscus is a component of the brainstem's auditory tract. It begins at the superior olivary complex level and ends at the inferior colliculus. The lateral lemniscus serves as a direct conduit for the fibers of the contralateral dorsal cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus' central nucleus.For more information Medial lemniscus pathway kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/10665657
#SPJ4
genetic diversity is required for natural selection to act on, but natural selection can reduce, or eliminate this genetic diversity. what process can restore genetic diversity to a population?
Genetic diversity is required for natural selection to act on, but natural selection can reduce, or eliminate this genetic diversity. The process that can restore genetic diversity to a population is gene flow.
Gene flow - also named migration - is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they take, from one population to another. Gene flow incorporates lots of various kinds of events, such as pollen being blown to an unknown destination or people shifting to new cities or countries. If genetic variants are carried to a population where they previously did not exist, gene flow can be an important source of genetic variation.
To learn more about gene flow visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/12564073
#SPJ4
lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi andi. mosses.ii. cyanobacteria.iii. green algae.iv. gymnosperms
Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and photosynthetic organisms, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria. So, the correct options are (iii) green algae and (ii) cyanobacteria.
Lichens are extraordinary organisms that outcome from a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms like green algae and cyanobacteria.
The relationship between these two types of organisms is mutualistic, meaning that both the fungal partner and the photosynthetic partner benefit from the association.
Green algae and cyanobacteria are the two fundamental sorts of photosynthetic organisms that can shape symbiotic relationships with parasites to make lichens.
Green algae are photosynthetic organisms that are usually tracked down in aquatic conditions and are known for their capacity to create oxygen through photosynthesis.
To learn more about photosynthesis:
https://brainly.com/question/19160081
#SPJ4
Which organelle is known as the power house of the cell? Why?
The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" is the mitochondrion. This nickname is attributed to the organelle's primary function, which is to produce ATP
Mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotic cells and are typically most abundant in cells with high energy demands, such as muscle cells. They are double-membrane organelles with an outer membrane and an inner membrane that is highly folded, forming structures called cristae. The inner membrane contains enzymes that are involved in the electron transport chain, a process that generates a proton gradient that is used to produce ATP.
In addition to energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other important cellular processes, such as calcium signaling, cell differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.
In summary, mitochondria are called the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are responsible for generating ATP, the molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.
Learn more about ATP here:
https://brainly.com/question/14637256
#SPJ4
describe where in the alimentary canal and by what each of the major macromolecules are broken down. include information about the type of cellular transport used to move these nutrients from the digestive system to the rest of the body.
The alimentary canal, which takes food through various digestive organs and permits waste to leave the body, is a continuous passageway that extends from the mouth to the anus.
The existence of the alimentary canal varies greatly among organisms, although it is only visible in bilaterally symmetrical organisms. Cells that release digestive enzymes in different parts of the alimentary canal enable food to be broken down. Materials may be absorbed into the body by other specialized cells. The alimentary canal in humans and other highly complex animals are divided into specialized tissues and organs. The alimentary canal of our oldest ancestors, which most likely consisted of a straightforward tube linking the mouth and anus, gave rise to several organs and tissues.
To learn more about alimentary canal visit;
https://brainly.com/question/9120234
#SPJ4
what is called the condition of the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct
The majority don't create any issues, but if they escape and enter your bile ducts, they may. Gallstones are deposits that digestive fluid that have solidified and can develop in the gallbladder.
Cholelithiasis is the term for gallstone disease. Gallstones are sometimes referred to as cholelithiasis by doctors. Just below your liver on the right side of the abdomen is your gallbladder, a little, pear-shaped organ. Bile, a digestive fluid stored in the gallbladder, is discharged into the small intestine. When the gallbladder's chemical equilibrium is off, they may develop. As they go through the biliary system, if they are big enough, they could clog a bile duct. a gallstone especially in the gall bladder being present.
Learn more about gallbladder
https://brainly.com/question/14309457
#SPJ4
Which type of data about a population is produced by a simulation that
explores the effect of natural selection?
OA. Decreases in size
OB. Phenotype frequencies
OC. Limiting factors
OD. Increases in size
The type of data about a population produced by a simulation exploring
explores the effect of natural selection is: Phenotype frequencies. Option
OB. is the correct answer.
What is Phenotype frequencies?
This refers the fraction of individuals with a given phenotype. A simulation exploring the effect of natural selection would typically produce data on the frequencies of different phenotypes in the population, as natural selection acts on variations in traits that affect the survival and reproduction of individuals. The other options are not directly related to natural selection.
The relative phenotype frequency for each phenotype can be determined by counting the number of times a particular phenotype appears in a population and dividing it by the total number of individuals in the population.
Learn more about Phenotype frequencies on
https://brainly.com/question/12796348
#SPJ1
can you interpret the results of mating experiments in fruit fly populations? researcher diane dodd divided a laboratory population of fruit flies and then raised some flies on a starch medium and others on a maltose medium. after one year (about 40 generations), populations raised on starch digested starch more efficiently, while those raised on maltose digested maltose more efficiently, indicating the flies had adapted to better use the nutrients present in their environments. dodd then put flies from the same or differently adapted populations in mating cages and measured mating frequencies. she also performed control experiments. interpret the results of her experiments, shown below, to answer the questions.
Mating preferences are complex and can be influenced by many factors. Dodd's experiments provide a useful starting point for investigating the role of adaptation in reproductive isolation and speciation.
Diane Dodd's experiments with fruit fly populations involved dividing the population and raising them on different diets for 40 generations. The populations adapted to their respective diets, becoming more efficient at digesting the specific nutrients provided by their food source
Dodd then put flies from the same or differently adapted populations in mating cages and measured mating frequencies. By doing so, she could test whether the adaptation to different diets had any effect on mating preferences and behavior. She also performed control experiments to ensure that any differences observed were not due to random factors.
The results of Dodd's experiments are not provided in the question, so it is difficult to provide a detailed interpretation without them. However, in general, if flies from the same adapted population mated more frequently than those from differently adapted populations, it would suggest that the adaptation to different diets has led to reproductive isolation between the populations. This could be a sign of incipient speciation, where the two populations are becoming genetically distinct and may eventually form separate species.
On the other hand, if there were no significant differences in mating frequencies between the populations, it would suggest that the adaptation to different diets has not led to reproductive isolation. This could be because the genetic differences between the populations are not yet large enough to prevent interbreeding or because there are other factors that are more important in determining mating preferences, such as visual or olfactory cues.
For more such questions on Dodd's experiments
https://brainly.com/question/4421568
#SPJ4
how do epigenetic marks compare in monozygotic twins? they are similar early in life but are increasingly dissimilar with age. they are different at birth, but a similar environment during childhood causes them to become more similar with time. epigenetic marks on stress response genes are more similar than on immune response genes. monozygotic twins are genetically identical; thus, the epigenetic marks stay the same throughout their lives. dna methylation patterns are similar, but histone acetylation patterns are different.
Older monozygotic twins showed remarkably different histone acetylation and 5-methylcytosine DNA concentration across their genomes.
What are monozygotic twins?Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are produced when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. Identical twins always have the same sex and have the same genome.
The difference between monozygotic twins based on epigenetics is that older monozygotic twins showed remarkably different histone acetylation and 5-methylcytosine DNA concentration across their genomes.
Learn more about monozygotic twins, here:
https://brainly.com/question/14528813
#SPJ1
How do meiosis 1 and 2 contribute to genetic variation?
During meiosis II, when the sister chromatids separate and are dispersed at random among the offspring cells, the gametes, there is a third source of genetic variety. Meiosis I crossover results in non-identical chromatids in meiosis II chromosomes.
In germ cells, a process called meiosis is used for cell division. The paternal and maternal chromosomes' haphazard alignment during meiosis I can result in variance. Variation is also brought about by the sharing of genetic information across homologous chromosomes. Genetic diversity is also produced in meiosis II by the sister chromatids' haphazard orientation. Independent assortment and crossing over are two mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation in meiosis. During metaphase of meiosis I, a distinct collection of homologous chromosomes occurs.
To learn more about the meiosis follow the link: https://brainly.com/question/2095046
#SPJ4
What is a major role for the 3 UTR in mRNA?
3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs works as hubs for post-transcriptional control that targets the microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).
In general , the Sequences in 3' UTRs goes for alterations in mRNA stability, helps in mRNA localization to various subcellular regions, and impart translational control. Hence , The 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs works as a hubs for purpose of post-transcriptional modification and control.
Also , the 3′ UTRs region is responsible for regulating the local protein synthesis in dendrites and synapses .While during addition in spatial organization of protein production, 3′ UTRs works as an regulators of temporal protein production.
To learn more about 3′ UTRs , here
brainly.com/question/16099001
#SPJ4
Select all the correct answers.
The oceanic crust of one plate is colliding with the continental crust of another plate. Which of these events are likely to take
place as the two plates collide?
When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic crust will always subduct under the continental crust; this is because oceanic crust is naturally denser. Convergent boundaries are commonly associated with larger earthquakes and higher volcanic activity.
When used to describe a fetus, the term viable means that ita) is moving enough for the mother to detect.b) has a heart rate.c) is able to survive outside the womb.d) has detectable brain waves.
The term "viable" when used to describe a fetus means that it is able to survive outside the womb. Therefore, the correct answer is option c) is able to survive outside the womb.
A viable fetus has developed enough to be able to live and grow outside of the uterus, even though it may still need medical support. It is important to note that the term "viable" does not necessarily mean that the fetus is fully developed or ready to be born, but rather that it has reached a stage where it has a chance of survival outside of the womb. The age of viability for a fetus is around 24 weeks.
Learn more about age of viability at https://brainly.com/question/1611018
#SPJ11
What are the phenotypes for the following merpeople tail color genotypes
It is unknown what a person's precise genotype is if they have a dominant phenotype.
For instance, the genotype for the phenotype of brown eyes could be heterozygous. Explanation: A dominant characteristic is one that outweighs a recessive trait. The genotype of the dominant trait may be homozygous or heterozygous. A person may have a heterozygous genotype for a trait, for instance, if the brown eye has a dominant phenotype. The dominant allele may be one of the two, while the recessive allele may be the other. In this situation, the dominant trait obscures the effect of the recessive trait. As a result, despite having a heterozygous genotype, the organism exhibits the dominant phenotype.
Learn more about Genotype here:
https://brainly.com/question/13671587
#SPJ4
Today, we know these "factors" are alleles. An allele is an alternative form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. We usually have two alleles for a trait, one inherited from each parent. We can rework Mendel’s original crosses with the notation for the alleles for seed color. This notation is called the genotype. When the pair of alleles is identical, they are called homozygous. When the pair is different, they are called heterozygous. Capital letters represent dominant traits; lower case letters represent recessive traits. Dominant traits can mask recessive traits. The colors yellow and green are called the phenotype.
How would we describe the genotype of the green seeds?
By the following ways genotype of the green seeds are determined
If green seeds are recessive and yellow seeds are dominant, then the genotype of green seeds would be "rr".
The lowercase "r" represents the recessive allele for green color, and since both alleles in a homozygous genotype are the same, we use two lowercase "r" letters to indicate that the individual has two copies of the recessive allele.
In contrast, the genotype for yellow seeds would be either "YY" (homozygous dominant) or "Yy" (heterozygous dominant), where the uppercase "Y" represents the dominant allele for yellow color.
It's important to note that the phenotype (observable trait) is determined by the combination of alleles, with dominant alleles always expressed over recessive alleles
To know more about green seeds click here:
brainly.com/question/1615341
#SPJ4
What do each myofibril consists of?
Each myofibril consists of repeating units called sarcomeres, which are the functional units of skeletal muscle tissue.
Sarcomeres are made up of two types of protein filaments: thick filaments and thin filaments. The thick filaments are composed mainly of myosin, a motor protein that interacts with the thin filaments to generate muscle contractions. The thin filaments are made up of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin, which regulate the interaction between myosin and actin.
The arrangement of the thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere gives skeletal muscle its characteristic striated appearance. The thick filaments are located in the center of the sarcomere, while the thin filaments are attached to the Z-discs at the ends of the sarcomere.
When the muscle contracts, the myosin heads on the thick filaments bind to the actin on the thin filaments, pulling them towards the center of the sarcomere and causing the muscle to shorten. This process is known as the sliding filament theory, and it is the basis for all muscle contractions.
To know more about myofibril here
https://brainly.com/question/29589375
#SPJ4
Kidney stones have only one purpose and we don't use them correctly
Our kidneys eliminate waste from our bodies through urine. When your blood contains too much waste and your body does not produce enough urine, crystals accumulate in your kidneys. These crystals attract additional wastes and chemicals, resulting in the formation of a solid item (a kidney stone) that will grow unless it is passed out of your body in urine.
What are the different forms of kidney stones?
Kidney stones are classified into four types:
Calcium deposits
The most prevalent form of kidney stone is calcium stone. They are caused by the reaction of calcium in your urine with oxalate (a natural substance found in most foods). These develop when you don't receive enough water or calcium.
Uric crystals
Uric stones are another form of kidney stone. High quantities of a natural chemical called purine (found in various meats and shellfish) in your body can lead to high levels of a molecule called urate, which can cause kidney stones.
Struvite crystals
Struvite stones are uncommon compared to calcium and uric stones. Struvite stones can occur when bacteria from upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) enter your urinary tract.
Cystine crystals
Cystine stones are produced by cystinuria, an uncommon illness that runs in families. Cystinuria is a phenomenon in which a naturally occurring chemical known as cystine seeps into the urine. Kidney stones can form when your urine contains an excessive amount of cystine. These stones might become trapped in your kidneys, bladder, or anywhere else in your urinary tract. The majority of cystinuric people will acquire multiple stones during their lives. It is a chronic illness that can be managed but not cured.
Kidney stones (sometimes referred to as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis) are mineral and salt deposits that form within your kidneys.
Among the various causes of kidney stones include diet, excess body weight, certain medical disorders, and certain supplements and drugs. Kidney stones can cause problems in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys and bladder.
Stones form when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and bind together.
Kidney stones can be uncomfortable to pass, but if diagnosed early enough, they typically do not cause permanent harm. Depending on your circumstances, you may only need to take pain medication and drink plenty of water to pass a kidney stone.
Surgery may be necessary in some circumstances, such as when stones become lodged in the urinary tract, are associated with a urinary infection, or cause complications.
To learn more about kidney stones:
https://brainly.com/question/26697997
