he change in free energy difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions are: Exergonic reactions release energy which leads to a loss of free energy and Endergonic reactions consume energy which leads to a gain of free energy.
Differentiate between Exergonic and Endergonic reaction?The exergonic reactions are spontaneous reaction, whereas endergonic reactions are usually non-spontaneous reaction. During exergonic reactions, the energy is formed or released whereas, during the endergonic reactions energy is absorbed. During exergonic reactions, the value of energy is less than zero whereas, in endergonic reactions, the value of Gibb's free energy is greater than zero. The sign for exergonic reactions is usually negative, whereas the sign for endergonic reactions is positive. The exergonic reactions are generally favorable, whereas unfavorable reactions take place in endergonic reactions. During endergonic reactions, the entropy decreases, whereas the entropy increases during exergonic reactions.
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True or false: phospholipids that are part of a cell membrane contain only unsaturated fatty acids.
True
The statement phospholipids that are part of a cell membrane contain only unsaturated fatty acids is true.
Phospholipids that are part of a cell membrane contain only unsaturated fatty acids.
Are unsaturated fatty acids present in all phospholipids?Cells can transport molecules around and divide to create new cells thanks to flexible membranes. Each phospholipid contains two fatty acids, which are large chains of atoms. There are numerous different fatty acids, but due to differences in their chemical makeup, they are usually divided into saturated and unsaturated groups.Which fatty acid is found in cell membrane phospholipids?Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are frequently incorporated into the phospholipid molecule of marine phospholipids.In cell membranes, are fatty acids saturated?After the inclusion of saturated fatty acids longer than 15 carbon atoms and the addition of unsaturated fatty acids, the usual percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in LM cell membrane phospholipids (63%) was decreased to 35–41% and increased to 72–82%.To learn more about phospholipids visit:
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The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrance down its concentration gradient is known as?
The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as facilitated diffusion.
What is cell membrane?The cell membrane, a biological barrier, encloses each cell's interior from the outside world.A lipid bilayer that comprises of two phospholipid layers with cholesterol dissolved in them in between makes up the cell membrane.Because of its configuration, the membrane may remain fluid at various temperatures.Membranes are composed of membrane proteins, such as integral proteins that cross the membrane and serve as membrane transporters and peripheral proteins that only cling to the outside membrane of the cell and serve as enzymes to assist the organism in interacting with its environment.The glycolipids contained in the outer lipid layer serve a similar purpose.The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of cells and organelles because it is only permeable to ions and organic molecules.
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how do embryological study helps in the evolution
Answer:
Embryology is important to understanding a species' evolution, since some homologous structures can be seen only in embryo development
Can you identify the molecules and processes involved in the flow of genetic information through a cell?
The molecules and processes involved in the flow of genetic information through a cell are From left to right: DNA, Transcription, RNA, Translation, and Protein.
A person's genetic information may include details about their own genetic testing, the genetic testing of their family members, and details regarding the manifestation of a disease or problem in their kin (i.e. family medical history).
Genetic information or the findings of genetic tests can be used to make reproductive decisions, ensure early detection and treatment of diseases, or prevent the start of certain disorders. In addition to non-medical uses like insurance and employment, this information is also useful.
Genetic information is crucial that the knowledge required for survival is passed down through the generations of organisms to survive. A population is more likely to adapt successfully to environmental changes if there is enough genetic variation within it.
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Living organism(s) composed of one or more cells with a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm are:________-
Living organism(s) composed of one or more cells with a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm are eukaryotes.
In the field of science, eukaryotes can be described as those kinds of organisms that have well-defined nucleus. On the other hand, prokaryotes are organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
A eukaryote can be single-celled or possess more than one cell. The genome of eukaryotes is present inside the nucleus of a cell. For prokaryotes, who lack a well-defined nucleus, the DNA is present inside the cytoplasm.
The eukaryotes have numerous kinds of organisms such as animals, plants, protists, etc.
The eukaryotes cell is properly organized with various organelles which play an active role in the maintenance of an organism. The cytoplasm is the fuid-like organelle in which all the other organelles of a cell float.
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_____________ bacteria lack an outer membrane, have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, contain teichoic acid, and lack mycolic acid.
Gram positive bacteria lack an outer membrane, have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, contain teichoic acid, and lack mycolic acid.
Gram Positive Bacteria- Gram-positive microorganisms are identified by the color they take on when stained. The staining technique was invented by Hans Christian Gram in 1884. The peptidoglycan cell wall present in gram-positive organisms retains the crystal violet dye used in the staining process.
Peptidoglycan cell wall- In most bacterial species, the cytoplasmic membrane is encased in a hard material called peptidoglycan. It helps maintain cell shape throughout the life cycle and shields bacterial cells against environmental stress. The production of peptidoglycans has a significant role in controlling bacterial cell division.
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Traits (such as sitting, walking) that emerge under a wide range of experiences and do not have to be taught emerge through a process known as ______________. group of answer choices
Traits (such as sitting, walking) that emerge under a wide range of experiences and do not have to be taught emerge through a process known as canalization.
What does trait necessarily mean?Curiosity is one of her standout qualities (as a personal characteristic). a trait that was passed down. a pencil stroke or an impression of one. Feel, trace.
Which 3 categories of traits are there?All ports divided these characteristics into three groups: cardinal characteristics, central characteristics, and secondary characteristics. Cardinal qualities are those that are so pervasive that they show up in a variety of contexts and areas of a person's life.
What makes trait theory important?The trait theory offers useful insights into leadership. People at various levels and in all kinds of organizations can use it. Managers can use the information in the theory to analyze their place in the company and how they are performing in that position.
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A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered _____.
A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered as attentuated vaccine.
Vaccination is the process of immunization in which the immune response is stimulated by introducing either the weakened microbe or a its part into our body.
A vaccine can be developed from the various methods. Firstly a weakened or inactivated bacteria is introduced into the body of the individual which generated the immune response but will not cause disease. It is also called attentuated vaccine.
Secondly a part of the microbe may be a protein or cell wall is introduced in the form of antigen to initiate immune response.
Thirdly the genetic material of the microbe including the DNA or RNA.
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Transcription occurs in/at the __________ and produces __________ from a(n) __________ template.
Transcription occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus of eukaryotes and produces Complementary strands from an template Strand.
What do you mean by Transcription?Transcription is the process of copying segment of DNA into RNA. The segment of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can incode protein are said to produce messenger RNA. Other segment of DNA are copied into RNA molecules called non coding RNA 's .
Transcription takes place in nucleus of Eukaryotes,it uses DNA as a template makes an RNA molecules.
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ecology - day 2 aquatic systems
The correct answer is the ocean.
Processes must be in place to aid the environment in returning to its initial condition following a disturbance in order for it to be called stable. An ecosystem with a variety of food chains and biotic interactions is likely to exist in areas with a high level of biodiversity and genetic variation.
Mountains are formed and destroyed by a variety of manmade and natural factors.
Deserts may also be destroyed by natural disasters, hence they are not regarded as stable ecosystems.
Forests cannot be considered to have a stable environment since they may be destroyed by fire or the process of deforestation.
Since it doesn't change throughout time, the ocean is a stable environment. Oceans have not changed over the course of the planet's vast existence. Small changes in the oceans are difficult to observe because of their enormous magnitude.
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In 2003, tyrone hayes proposed that pesticides could be the cause of worldwide amphibian declines. this statement is an example of?
In 2003, Tyrone Hayes proposed that pesticides could be the cause of worldwide amphibian declines. This statement is an example of hypothesis.
Pesticides are the chemicals used to kill or slow the growth various pests and small insects in the farm fields. These pesticides can be harmful to other species as well. Pesticides are further divided into three types: insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.
Amphibians are the vertebrate animals that live in land as well as water. These are cold-blooded animals. Most of the amphibians have a moist skin and may have scales on their body. The example of amphibians are: toads, salamanders, newts, etc.
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The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons, which originate in the ________, exit through the ________, and terminate in the muscles.
The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons, which originate in the spinal cord, exit through the ventral root, and terminate in the muscles.
Spinal Cord- The spinal cord is a lengthy band of tissue that resembles a tube. The spinal cord relays nerve messages back and forth between the body and the brain. These nerve messages facilitate the body's mobility and senses.
Ventral Root- Motor and visceral efferent fibers' axons, known as ventral root fibers, arise as ventral rootlets from the ill-defined ventral lateral sulcus. The ventral root, which contains motor nerve axons from motor and visceral motor neurons, is formed when the ventral rootlets from separate spinal cord sections combine.
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A ______ color scheme consists of shades, tints, or tones of the same color. group of answer choices analogous complementary triadic monochromatic
The hues, tints, or tones that make up a monochromatic colour scheme are all variations of the same hue.
A monochromatic colour scheme is what?Colors that are monochromatic are all variations of a single hue, including tints, hues, and tones. Lighter and darker shades of the primary colour or hue will make up a monochromatic colour scheme.What hues fall within the monochromatic category?Films shot in black and white are all considered monochromatic. Since black and white can be found at both ends of every colour, they can be used in a monochromatic design that is based on any colour.Why do people use a monochromatic colour scheme?Because they permit a wider range of contrasting tones that can be used to draw attention, establish focus, and assist readability, monochromatic colour schemes present potential in art and visual communications design.
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Identify the location of the majority of triglyceride digestion.
The location of the majority of triglyceride digestion occurs is small intestine.
Where does the majority of the digestion of triglycerides take place?Lingual lipases, which are released by tongue glands to start the digestion of triglycerides, cause lipid digestion to start in the oral cavity. Gastric and lingual enzymes both contribute to continued digestion in the stomach.Where are the locations where triacylglycerol fat is metabolized?The mouth is the entry point for lipid digestion, which continues in the stomach and concludes in the small intestine. Lipase is the name of an enzyme that aids in the digestion of triacylglycerol. These are proteins that catalyze the conversion of triglycerides into a mixture of free fatty acids and acylglycerols through partial hydrolysis.To learn more about triglyceride digestion visit:
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In medicine, a complete living entity capable of independent existence is called a/an: _______
a. animal
b. organism
c. human being
d. creature
e. man
In medicine, a complete living entity capable of independent existence is called an b.organism.
In the field of medicine, an organism can be described as a living, independent entity. An organism is made up of one or more than one cells. Hence, the correct option is b. organism.
An organism can show the seven basic life principles. They can show movement. They can reproduce. They can show sensitivity to various stimuli. They can respire. They can carry out the process of excretion. They use nutrition as a source of energy and they can grow.
An organism has an organized structure that helps in the maintenance of the organism.
Other options, such as option c, is not correct as although the human being is a complete living entity but all other organisms also fall under this criteria. Human beings are organisms.
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The location where infectious organisms can multiply and accumulate is referred to as the _____
The location where infectious organisms can multiply and accumulate is referred to as the reservoir.
Infectious organisms are those that cause disease in other species They are also called pathogens. They can be bacteria, virus, protozoans, etc. The organism can cause disease either by living inside the body or even by living outside the body.
Reservoir is simple words is the habitat of an infectious organism. This can be humans, animals and also plants. On the basis of their locations, reservoirs are of three types: human, animal (non-human), and environmental. The infectious organisms from environmental reservoirs can be transmitted to the host by several modes of transmission.
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Evolutionary evidence suggests fungi evolved from ________ that also gave rise to the fourth and most diverse group of eukaryotes: the animals.
Answer:
Evolutionary evidence suggests fungi evolved from protists that also gave rise to the fourth and most diverse group of eukaryotes: the animals.
Explanation:
The other three forms of eukaryotes, including fungi, descended from protists. The differences between these two groups of eukaryotes end there. As eukaryotic creatures, fungi are unable to produce their own nutrition and therefore do not "eat." Their nutrition must be absorbed, typically from decomposing organisms. Most plants and fungi are descended from aquatic protists around 1.1 billion years or so ago. Many protists use gametes to reproduce sexually, whereas others use binary fission to reproduce asexually. Several protists are important parasites of other organisms, including animals, and plants, as well as other protists. For instance, an oomycete Phytophthora infestans produces late blight disease in potatoes, and numerous other varieties of such parasitic genus Plasmodium experience similar illness in other vertebrate species and humans.
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Compared to other pathogens, why do viruses have the highest relative risk to humans?
Compared to other pathogens, viruses have the highest relative risk to humans because the genetic material of viruses have high mutation rates.
Viruses are the exceptions to cell theory. These are the pathogens that remain dormant when present outside in the environment but they become active and infectious once inside any living entity. The infectious phase of virus is known as virion.
Mutations are the changes in genetic sequence. These changes can be due to environmental factors or due to some fault in the genetic machinery of the body. Mutations are of several types like: addition, deletion, inversion, substitution, etc.
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in 1939, heinrich klüver and paul bucy surgically lesioned a structure called the in the brain's limbic system, thereby eliminating defensive responses in various mammal species.
When the amygdala of a rhesus monkey was surgically excised in 1939 by neurosurgeon Paul and psychologist Heinrich the typically irritable species became the most placid of animals. the brain's amygdala, which is mostly connected to emotional functions.
Due to the structure's almond-like form, the name "amygdala" is derived from the Greek word "amygdale," which means "almond." The amygdala is situated immediately prior to (in front of) the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe. The amygdala's primary function is to control emotions like fear and anger. Our memories are given emotional significance via the amygdala. In multiple brain imaging species studies.
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Comparisons of amino acid sequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence of related species. If you were comparing two living species, would you expect all proteins to show the same degree of divergence?.
When all else is equal, the length of time since two organisms shared an ancestor determines the degree of divergence. But not all other things are created equal.
How are relatedness in organisms and categorization determined using DNA and amino acid sequences?Proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are "information molecules" because they store a history of an organism's evolution.The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by its DNA sequence, therefore two organisms that share a gene ought to have similar or even identical amino acid sequences. That's because recently in evolutionary history, closely related species are likely to have diverged from one another. Evolutionary relationships that might otherwise go undiscovered might be discovered by comparing the amino acid sequences in homologous proteins of comparable and varied animals.Learn more about the Evolution with the help of the given link:
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Which of the cells of the pancreas would secrete their product if the blood glucose level was rising, as during digestion of a meal?
The pancreas has a cell called Beta Cell, which is responsible for secreting all products if the blood glucose level is rising, as during the digestion of a meal.
Beta Cell constitutes about 75% of pancreas hormone cell, which help to maintain the insulin level in the blood because if a human takes a meal, during digestion, the blood glucose level rise, which can cause diabetes. To overcome this, beta cells release insulin in the blood, breaking down the sugar or glucose molecules and converting them into energy.
Therefore, Beta Cell is a cell that is responsible for all the secretion of pancreas products when the blood glucose level rises during the digestion of food in our body.
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Which of these traits have been found by twin studies to be strongly hereditary? liking of spicy foods dislike of romance movies dancing ability schizophrenia stubbornness
Schizophrenia traits have been found by twon studies to be strongly hereditary.
What is hereditary?Hereditary theory holds that many physical characteristics can be passed down from generation to generation via DNA, by passing on the set of instructions or genes in your DNA to your offspring.
Heredity in biology refers to the transmission of genetic factors from parents to offspring or from one generation to the next. The biological definition of heredity may also refer to the association of a specific trait with an individual organism's genetic constitution rather than environmental conditions.
Eye color is an example of DNA.
There are four types of hereditary
Dominant, recessive, Co dominant, intermediate.
It is more likely that different combinations of genes make people more vulnerable to the condition. However, having these genes does not guarantee that you will develop schizophrenia. Twin studies provide evidence that the disorder is partially inherited. The same gene is shared by identical twins.
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Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the gram stain for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.
A gram stain is a rapid laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria that cause an infection.
By doing a gram stain test we can identify whether the bacteria have a positive or negative charge, so that if the result of the gram stain is red, the bacteria are gram-negative.
What is a bacteria?It is a microorganism formed by a single cell, of small size. Its cellular structure is prokaryotic and it is characterized by not having a nucleus.
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A client consumed approximately 40 g of protein in the past 24 hours. his 24-hour urine collection indicated a urine urea nitrogen of 12 g. his nitrogen balance would be calculated as:_________
A client consumed approximately 40 g of protein in the past 24 hours. his 24-hour urine collection indicated a urine urea nitrogen of 12 g. his nitrogen balance would be calculated as option(e)i.e, -9.6 g.
A clear urine signal indicates adequate hydration and maybe overhydration. A healthy level of hydration is indicated by pale yellow urine. More fluids should be consumed if your urine is dark yellow. Urine with an amber hue may be a sign of dehydration. Orange urine is a common side effect of many meals and drugs as well as a potential indicator of liver issues.
It is possible to fertilize with urine. It serves as a territorial marking for some animals. In the past, aged or fermented urine (also known as lant) was used to make gunpowder, clean homes, tan leather, and color fabrics.
Equation: N2 balance = (dietary protein intake/6.25) - (urine urea nitrogen +4)
N2 balance = ( 40/ 6.25) - ( 12 + 4)
N2 balance = - 9.6g
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The complete question is:
A client consumed approximately 40 g of protein in the past 24 hours. His 24-hour urine collection indicated a urine urea nitrogen of 12 g. His nitrogen balance would be:
Equation: N2 balance = (dietary protein intake/6.25) - (urine urea nitrogen +4)
a.) -12.1 g
b.) -4.2 g
c.) 9.6 g
d.) 4.2 g
e.) -9.6 g
Symmetry is ____structural support is______ energy acquisition is _____ phyla is:____
Symmetry is bilateral. structural support is endoskeleton. energy acquisition is heterotrophic. phyla is mollusca.
What type of symmetry is bilateral?The sagittal plane, which divides an organism into two roughly mirror-image left and right halves - approximate reflectional symmetry - is present in all bilaterally symmetric organisms.
What is the structure of endoskeleton?Essentially, there are two types of tissues that make up the vertebrate endoskeleton (bone and cartilage). The notochord and cartilage make up the endoskeleton during the early stages of embryonic development. In most vertebrates, the vertebral column replaces the notochord, and bone typically takes the place of cartilage in adulthood.
What type of phylum is Mollusca?With more than 100,000 species, the phylum Mollusca is the second biggest in the animal kingdom. The mollusca contain numerous well-known creatures, such as clams, snails, slugs, and squid, as well as some uncommon creatures, such as tusk shells and chitons.
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When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the?
When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the pancreas.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the body to regulate blood sugar levels. When the glucose level rises in the blood, the insulin secreted causes glucose to be transported to the cells from the blood. In the cells, the extra glucose is used accordingly and the cells of the liver and muscles can store it as glucagon.
Hence, when the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the pancreas makes insulin to balance the blood sugar levels.
Other options, such as the stomach, is not correct as the stomach is involved in the digestion of food and does not lower blood sugar levels.
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Classifying microorganisms poses a greater challenge compared to higher organisms largely because _
Microorganisms, often known as microbes, are minute organisms that can be either single cells or colonies of cells. Ancient texts, including those found in India's Jain scriptures from the sixth century BC, express suspicions about the potential existence of unseen microscopic life. bacteria, archaea, fungus (yeasts and molds), algae, protozoa, and viruses are the main categories of microorganisms.
Why microorganisms are important ?In addition to producing oxygen and carbon dioxide, microorganisms also fix atmospheric nitrogen into forms that are useful to a variety of creatures. They contribute to the gut microbiome, which aids in the digestion of food by animals. Some microbe species are symbiotic by nature.
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If+the+nucleotide+variability+of+a+locus+equals+0%,+what+is+the+gene+variability+and+number+of+alleles+at+that+locus?
The nucleotide variation is obtained by comparing nucleotide sequence between individuals between individuals of a particular population. If genetic variability is 0 % then the number of alleles would be 1.
What is genetic variability?Genetic variability is the evolutionary process and development of new species. Genetic variability describes the dissimilarities such as brown eyes, blue eyes that happen naturally when DNA is altered.
Genetic variability varies in population. Genetic variability describes the tendency at which traits in a population may vary.
Gene variation refers to a differences in the genetic makeup of the individual. Genetic variation is a important process of natural selection and biological evolution.
Therefore, The nucleotide variation is obtained by comparing nucleotide sequence between individuals between individuals of a particular population. If genetic variability is 0 % then the number of alleles would be 1.
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Click and drag each label to the appropriate category regarding the cells of connective tissue.
The cells and connective tissues are arranged as follows;
Fibroblast-
1). Produces the ground substance of areolar connective tissue
2). Found in dense regular connective tissue
Osteoblast
1). Found in femur
2). Secretes hydroxyapatite
Leukocyte (WBC)
1). Reacts to bacteria.
2). Component of fluid connective tissue (i.e. blood)
Chondroblast
1). Secretes the matrix of hyaline cartilage
2). Associated with the tissue that lines movable joints.
What is Fibroblast?Fibroblasts are non-terminally differentiated mesenchymal cells produced from embryonic mesoderm tissue.
They can be activated by a number of chemical cues that enhance proliferation and cellular differentiation, resulting in the formation of myofibroblasts with an increased rate of matrix creation.
What is Chondroblast?Chondroblasts (also known as perichondria cells) are cells that play a crucial part in cartilage production (AKA chondrogenesis).
They are found in the perichondrium, a connective tissue layer that surrounds growing bone and protects cartilage.
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Choose the type of relationship that best defines the scenarios below.
Red-tailed hawks and black racer snakes prey
on the same species of rodents in the same
habitat.
One organism benefits, while another is
unharmed
during a long-term relationship between the
two.
A tick becomes lodged on the skin of a hiker.
Coyotes eat mice and rabbits.
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Given that both species consume the same resources, the relationship between red-tailed hawks and black racer snakes is one of competition (rodents).
What is the ecological relationship between predator and prey?Predator-prey relationships are interactions between two species in which one species serves as the other's prey. The term "predator" refers to an organism that feeds, and the term "prey" refers to an organism that is fed upon. There are countless instances of predator-prey relationships.
What does Lotka-Volterra model explained?The Lotka-Volterra model makes the assumption that a predator's rate of prey consumption is inversely related to its abundance. As a result, the only factor affecting predators' ability to feed is the availability of prey.
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