The function of a stop codon is that it tells ribosomes and tRNA to stop reading codons and detach. That is option D.
What is ribosomes?Ribosomes are membrane bound cellular organelles that assists the cell in the synthesis of proteins.
The tRNA which is the transfer ribonucleic acid is located at a specific area in the ribosomes and they help in the translation of messages from the messenger Ribonucleic acid for protein synthesis.
The stop codon is a nucleotide that is located at the messenger RNA. Examples of stop codons found in the mRNA include the following:
UAG, UAA, andUGADuring the production of proteins by the ribosomes, the stop codons helps to put this process in check by using a negative feedback mechanism of action.
That is to say, the signalling of the stop codon leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis through telling the ribosomes and tRNA to stop reading codons and detach.
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what is RNA stand for
The small, almond-shaped organs of the female reproductive system, suspended by ligaments in the upper lateral portion of the pelvic cavity are known as?
The small, almond-shaped organs of the female reproductive system, suspended by ligaments in the upper lateral portion of the pelvic cavity are known as ovaries.
Ovaries are oval-shaped so are also termed almond-shaped organs and are present on the sides of the uterus in females. In females, the processes of pregnancy and ovulation which is also termed menstruation are controlled by the hormones that are made by ovaries. These hormones include estrogen and progesterone. Another major function of the ovary is that it releases the female gametes known as eggs during the menstrual cycle.
The ovaries are attached to two types of ligaments which are the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament. Ovaries are connected to the womb by the ovarian ligament while the suspensory ligaments of the ovary contain the ovarian vessels and nerves.
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Based on what you have learned from your rankings in parts a and b, why is it generally hotter in summer than in winter?.
We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.
What are seasons?There are three seasons on earth namely winter, summer, and rainy season. In the winter season, the temperature is cold and during summer the temperature is higher.
Timing and characteristic of season depend upon the location of the earth. The time of a year region experience season depends on it is northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere.
The southern hemispheres experiences winter while northern hemisphere experiences summer. The cycle of seasons is caused by earth's tilted towards the earth. The planet rotates around an axis.
Therefore, We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.
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Blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, with the layers in the middle of the lumen flowing fastest. this is known as ___laminar______ flow.
Blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, with the layers in the middle of the lumen flowing fastest. this is known as laminar flow.
What is Laminar flow ?The majority of the circulatory system typically operates with laminar flow. It is characterised by parallel motion of concentric layers of blood along a blood vessel's length. The middle of the vessel has the highest velocity (Vmax).
Laminar flow is when the flow is fastest in the centre of the blood vessel and slowest along the wall of the vessel, where there is greater friction (where there is less friction).Blood flow in the body is typically laminar. Laminar flow can, however, be disturbed and turn turbulent under situations of high flow, particularly in the ascending aorta. When this happens, blood does not flow in adjacent layers in a straight line or gradually; instead, it flows chaotically.Learn more about Laminar blood flow here:
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What type of signaling molecules are the incretins?
a. autocrine signals
b. paracrinesignals
c. juxtacrinesignals
d. classic hormones
The incretins are classic hormones signaling molecules.
Endocrine signaling serves as an illustration of long-distance communication between cells, organs, and glands that produce hormones and cells that contain hormone receptor molecules. In order to be dispersed throughout the body, hormones must typically be secreted into the bloodstream as tiny molecules called glycoproteins. Although the brain is frequently the source of endocrine signals, other glands and organs, such as the thyroid, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs, also create hormones.
A group of hormones involved in metabolism called incretins encourage a drop in blood glucose levels. As a result of a blood glucose-dependent process, incretins are generated after meals and increase the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Signals, also known as class hormone signals, are molecules.
They play a variety of physiological tasks, one of which is controlling the amount of insulin released after meals. There are two incretins: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (GLP-1). Endocrine signals, often referred to as class hormone signals, are chemicals that make up incretins.
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How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? select the two answers that are correct.
Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in the following ways:
Eukaryotic cells have organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cellsWhat are eukaryotic cells?Eukaryotic cells are complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei.
On the other hand, prokaryotes are organisms whose cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
Therefore, it can be said that eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in the following ways:
Eukaryotic cells have organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cellsThe options to the incomplete question is as follows:
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do not.Prokaryotic cells use RNA, whereas eukaryotic cells use DNA.Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.Eukaryotic cells have organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cellsLearn more about eukaryotic cells at: https://brainly.com/question/11351358
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is?
Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is Fast glycolytic fibres.
Skeletal muscle fibers are the muscle fibres that are responsible voluntary movement of the body.
There are three types of skeletal muscles slow twitch oxidative, fast twitch oxidative and fast twitch glycolytic.
slow twitch support support the long distance endurance activities like marathon running. Fast twitch muscle support quick , powerful movements such as sprinting or weightlifting.
Fast twitch glycolytic fibres are fast twitch muscle which are converted via endurance training. They are larger in diameter and have more mitochondria and blood supply.
It is the most powerful type of the skeletal muscle fibres
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The cells that support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity among neighboring neurons, and removing waste products are known as:__________
The cells that support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity among neighboring neurons, and removing waste products are known as glial cells.
Glial cells or gliocytes are non-neuronal cells found in the nervous system. They are called non-neuronal cells because they do not have an action potential or produce electrical impulses. Therefore, they don't partake in information transmission.
Glial cells act as the 'housekeepers' of the nervous system. They hold and support neurons in place, supply oxygen and nutrients to the neurons, help to isolate one neuron from another, remove waste products and dead neurons, and help destroy pathogens.
There are various subtypes of glial cells, including the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia.
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The largest mass of living material on earth comes from the largest mass of living material on earth comes from:_________
a. microorganisms.
b. plants and animals together.
c. plants.
d. animals
The largest mass of living material on earth comes from the largest mass of living material on earth comes from microorganisms
What are microorganisms ?A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorised as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.
There are seven different categories of microorganisms: multicellular animal parasites, bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses ( helminths ).For instance, each human body contains 10 bacteria for every human cell, and these microbes support immune system development, aid in digestion, make vitamin K, and detoxify toxic substances. Of course, bacteria are necessary for the production of many of the items we eat, like bread, cheese, and wine.Learn more about Microorganisms here:
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What are the five regions of the vertebral column? describe one differentiating feature of the vertebrae in each region.
The five regions of the vertebral column are the Cervical region, Thoracic region, Lumbar region, Sacral region, and Coccygeal region. Each region in vertebrae possesses a differentiating feature.
The vertebral column is divided into the following five regions, starting from the skull:-
1.Cervical region
2.Thoracic region
3.Lumbar region
4.Sacral region
5.Coccygeal region
The vertebral column consists of 26 serially arranged units called vertebrae. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and also serves as the point of attachment for ribs and muscles of the back.
The vertebral column is divided into the following five regions, whose differentiating features are mentioned:-
Cervical Region - They are seven in number and their distinguishing feature is that they have spinous processes which bifurcate at the distal end.
Thoracic region- There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and their differentiating feature is that they are specialized to articulate with the ribs.
Lumbar Vertebrae- These vertebrae are 5 in number and their distinguishing feature is that they are kidney-shaped.
Sacral and Coccygeal region- These are 2 in number and both regions contain fused vertebrae, unlike other regions where they are attached but not fused.
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Explain in a mechanistic manner how a disruption in cell membrane can affect life.
A wildebeest can provide a total kf 2000,000 kcal. however, the total cost to hunt and kill a wildebeest is 50,000 kcal.!8( lions cannot spend more than 15,000 kcal per hunt, how many lions need to be in on the hunt
To hunt and kill a wildebeest, 4 lions need to be in on the hunt.
To measure the energy we use the unit kilo calories (kcal).
Given that the total energy cost to hunt and kill a wildebeest is 50,000 kcal and the maximum energy that can be spent by a lion is 15,000 kcal.
The number of lions needed to hunt and kill a wildebeest can be calculated by dividing 50,000 kcal by 15,000 kcal
Number of lions = 50,000/15,000
= 3.33 lions
As this value is not a whole number, the number of lions can either be 3 or 4.
As 3 lions will not be enough for the hunting, therefore 4 lions are needed.
Thus, to hunt and kill a wildebeest, 4 lions need to be in on the hunt.
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According to freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a(n)______
According to Freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a fixation on the issue and therefore a psychological problem associated with this matter.
What does fixation mean to Freud's thinking?The psychosexual conflict in Freud's thinking refers to any type of fixation on an earlier development because he believed that children face different conflicts that should be solved in order to continue the next step.
In conclusion, according to Freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a fixation on the issue and therefore a psychological problem associated with this matter.
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Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?
The change of phase of water from liquid to gas is known as evaporation.
What is evaporation?Evaporation is one of the major processes in the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle represents the cyclic movement of water molecules across various spheres of the earth.
During evaporation, water molecules in liquid form gain energy and transform into gas molecules, otherwise known as water vapor.
Evaporation represents one of the processes that lead to the formation of clouds. The condensation of the evaporated water leads to precipitation.
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A desirable nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from ______ of foods to support metabolic functions.
A desirable nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.
What is a metabolic function?The Metabolic function may be characterized as the instance when your body utilizes a process known as metabolism in order to convert food and liquids into energy.
This complicated approach significantly includes calorie-dense foods and beverages that remarkably authorize your body to liberate the energy it requires to function.
Metabolic processes typically include numerous chemical reactions that keep you alive. One major example of metabolism is the rate at which you burn fat and consume calories. The constant anabolic and catabolic chemical and physical processes that take place in living things and their cells.
Therefore, a desirable nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions.
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Which structures guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering?
The structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering is called guard hairs or vibrissa.
What is the nostril?The nostril is either of the two orifices located on the nose and used as a passage for air and other gases to travel the nasal passages.
The ear canal is the tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.
These two locations are very tender and delicate, which indicates that they need extreme protection from danger.
Also, since they are tubes or passage areas to the internal parts of the body, they require protection to prevent foreign particles from entering.
Therefore, the structures that guard the nostrils and ear canals, preventing particles from entering is called guard hairs or vibrissa.
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The invaginations of the mitochondria, which increase the surface area of the inner membrane, are called.
The invaginations of the mitochondria, which increase the surface area of the inner membrane, are called cristae.
Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle. It is also referred as: powerhouse of the cell. This is because mitochondria is associated with the formation of energy for the cell. Mitochondria also possess its own DNA. Cells like the muscle cells more amount of mitochondria as they require more energy.
Cristae are the finger-like projections of the inner membrane of mitochondria. They are supposed to increase the surface area of the organelle so that more amount of ATP can be produced for the cell. At the membrane is embedded the ATPase that produces the ATP.
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If earth is a "Closed system" how does that shape the outcome of environmental problems
If earth is a closed system then we can't bring anything in or out.
A closed system is one in which only energy can be transported while no matter does, meaning that only energy can enter and exit the system while no matter does. Since it permits energy to enter and exit, the closed system can alternatively be said to be partially open.
An open system is one in which matter and energy are actually being transported or exchanged. Both matter and energy are able to enter and exit the system. In terms of the exchange of stuff, Earth is unquestionably a closed system, but it is an open system for the movement of energy. Therefore, under the said circumstances in terms of the outcome of environmental problems, we are unable to bring anything in or take anything out.
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What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?
a. age and glandular products
b. nutrition and hormones
c. sex and hormones
d. the size and number of hair follicles
Answer:
nutrition and hormones
Explanation: hope it helps
An action potential is generated by the movement of:_______
a. glial cells.
b. hormones.
c. vesicles.
d. ions.
An action potential is generated by the movement of positive ions
Action potentials are short electrical signals that neurons use to interact with one another. The movement of certain ions into and out of the neuron causes these fleeting changes in the voltage across the membrane. The membrane is primarily permeable to K+ when the body is at rest, which causes the membrane potential to form. In response to depolarization, an action potential starts at the axon hillock. An electrical stimulus causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open during depolarization. The positive charge of the sodium ions causes them to rush back into the cell, shifting the potential there from negative to more positive. An action potential is generated when a threshold potential is met. Only once a threshold has been met will action potentials happen.
Following depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels start to shut. Voltage-gated potassium channels open as a result of the positive potential inside the cell, and K+ ions then exit the cell via their electrochemical gradient. The membrane potential shifts more negatively and begins to get closer to the resting potential as the K+ leaves the cell.
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WARM-UP
Where did we come from? Are we alone in the
Universe? Expound your answer.
Answer:
Humans originated from Africa around 200,000 - 2 million years ago. There is fossilized evidence from back then that tells us when we humans may have formed. We went through about 15 different evolutions until coming to what we are today. To answer your other question, no, we are not alone in the universe, because we are united with many other organisms and life forms that live alongside us.
Hope this helps!
Dr. chu studies the environmental influences on gene expression by studying identical twins that have been reared apart. dr. chu's field of study is called:_____.
Dr. chu studies the environmental influences on gene expression by studying identical twins that have been reared apart. Dr. Chu's field of study is called epigenetics.
Gene expression is the process from which the functional proteins are made from a gene by the processes of transcription and translation. First m-RNA is formed from the DNA and the it is translated to form the protein. All the proteins formed inside the body are a result of gene expression.
Epigenetics is the study of reversible changes in the gene. These changes are not inherited to the further generations. The environmental factors are the major reason for thee changes. The changes could be methylation, acetylation, etc.
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane from __________ to __________ concentration.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. For cell transport, diffusion is the movement of small molecules across the cell membrane.
What is Diffusion ?The transfer of particles from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration is known as diffusion. The total result equalises focus across the board for the medium.
Passive diffusion is the most basic method for molecules to penetrate the plasma membrane. A molecule simply dissolves in the phospholipid bilayer during passive diffusion, diffuses through it, and then dissolves in the aqueous solution on the opposite side of the membrane.Diffusion is the passage of tiny molecules across the cell membrane during cell transport. The term "concentration gradient" refers to the differential between the two places' molecule concentrations. The molecules' kinetic energy causes random motion, which causes diffusion.Learn more about Diffusion here:
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During which year did the percentage of genetically modified soybeans planted increase most rapidly?
Genetically engineered (GE) seeds were commercially introduced in the United States for major field crops in 1996, with adoption rates increasing rapidly in the years that followed.
Currently, more than 90 percent of U.S. corn, upland cotton, and soybeans are produced using GE varieties.
Most of these GE seeds are herbicide tolerant (HT), insect resistant (Bt), or both (stacked). The share of U.S. soybean acres planted with HT seeds rose from 7 percent in 1996 to 68 percent in 2001.
Adoption rates for HT corn grew relatively slowly at first but then plateaued at 89 percent in 2014. Meanwhile, the share of Bt corn acreage grew from approximately 8 percent in 1997 to 82 percent in 2020.
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Approximately+________%+of+the+stored+energy+of+an+organism+at+one+level+of+a+food+web+is+transferred+to+the+tissues+of+the+organism+that+consumes+it+at+the+next+level+of+the+food+web.
On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.
What is food web and its importance?A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is a part multiple food chains. The importance of food webs is to describe feeding relationship among species in a community.
A food web is a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community that is formed by the natural interconnection of food chains. The food web is also known as a consumer-resource system.
On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.
Approximately 10% of the stored energy of an organism at one level of a food web is transferred to the tissue of the organism that consumes it at the next level of the food web.
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You are working on a phylogenetic tree for a particular group of organisms. Assume that you know that the ancestral species had the short dna sequence cgt aga tac. You have discovered two other similar species—one has cgt agt tac and the other has cct aga tac. How would you represent this in the construction of your phylogenetic tree?.
The ancestral population may have divided into two descendent species, which might be shown as a fork in the tree.
Ancestral population- Things that are ancestral have been there for so long that they were originally owned by our ancestors, the relatives who lived before our grandparents. Our great-grandparents' or great-great-former uncle's residence is known as our ancestral house.
Descendent species- An individual, race, species, or other entity that descends from or is related to an earlier form when referring to a human, animal, or plant.
A phylogenetic tree, sometimes called a phylogeny, is a diagram that shows the evolutionary branches from which various species, creatures, or genes have descended from one another.
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11. Name the tissue type.
12. What is its function?
The tissue is simple squamous epithelial cell. It helps in diffusion of gases and exchange of nutrients in the body.
What are squamous epithelial cells?Squamous epithelial cells are the type of simple epithelial cells, made up of single layer of cells. They are flat, thin and polygonal in shape. They are arranged in a single layer on a basal membrane. Squamous cells have nucleus in the centre.
These cells are present in the lining of the alveoli in lungs and in the glomerulus in nephrons. They facilitate gaseous exchange in alveoli. In glomerulus they help in exchange of nutrients and elimination of wastes from blood capillaries.
Thus, squamous cells have important function of transport and absorption in the body.
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Can sugar water can bend light?
Please explain the reason why the light behaved that way.
Which amino acids would you expect to be on the solvent-exposed surface once it folds?
Hydrophilic amino acids such as serine, threonine, arginine, etc. are expected to be on the solvent-exposed surface once it folds.
Amino acids are the molecules essential for the synthesis of proteins. These amino acids join together by peptide bond to form the protein. The structure if any amino acids includes a hydrogen atom, a variable R group an amino group and a carboxylic group attached to one carbon atom called the alpha carbon.
Hydrophilic means water loving. Those substances that are hydrophilic can easily interact with the water molecules. The hydrophilic amino acids are arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, lysine, serine, threonine, etc.
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Located on the basilar membrane are(is) the ________, containing hair cell sensory receptors for the sense of hearing.
Located on the basilar membrane are(is) the organ of Corti containing hair cell sensory receptors for the sense of hearing.
The organ of Corti is also called basilar papilla which is a complex form of neuroepithelium composed of hair cells sensory receptors and supporting cells. In addition to these sensory and supporting cells, the organ of Corti also consists of a tectorial membrane. Endolymph which is a potassium-rich fluid surrounds the organ of Corti. The organs known as scala tympani and scala vestibule are present under and above the basilar papilla respectively.
The function of the organ of Corti is to generate electrical signals based on the sounds and transmit these signals to the brainstem through the passage of auditory nerves.
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